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Symptoms and Treatments

Symptoms

Inattention: Lack of focus Forgetful Easily distracted Often avoids doing task that take an extended amount of time (school work or homework) Has trouble organizing task and activities

Hyperactivity: Fidgeting and Squirming while seated Excessive talking Getting up and moving around frequently

Impulsivity: Impatience Impactite when waiting turn to act Frequently interrupts others

Treatment

Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy can be useful in getting a child to open up about their feelings of coping with ADHD. ADHD might cause problems with authority figures and peers. Psychotherapy can help children handle these relationships appropriately.In psychotherapy, a child may also be able to explore their behavioral patterns and learn how to make the right choices moving forward.

Behavior Therapy: Behavior therapy attempts to teach a child how to better monitor their behaviors and then modify those behaviors appropriately. The child and the child's parents or teacher will work together to develop strategies for dealing with certain situations and resulting behaviors. This frequently involves some sort of direct feedback so that the child learns suitable behaviors. For example, a token reward system could be devised to reinforce positive behaviors.




Social Skill Training: Social skills training can sometimes be useful if a child shows significant issues functioning in social environments. Like behavior therapy, social skills training attempts to teach new and more appropriate behaviors. This specifically helps a child with ADHD play and work better with others. A therapist may try to teach behaviors like: waiting in turn sharing toys asking for help dealing with teasing

Medications: Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are the most commonly prescribed class of ADHD drugs. The parents and their doctor should decide together on which medication is best for their child and whether the child needs medication during school hours only or on evenings and weekends as well.

Diagnostic

There is no single medical, physical, or other test for diagnosing ADD/ADHD. To determine if you or your child has ADD/ADHD, a doctor or other health professional will need to be involved, and you can expect him or her to use a number of different tools: a checklist of symptoms, answers to questions about past and present problems, or a medical exam to rule out other causes for symptoms.

Keep in mind that the symptoms of ADD/ADHD, such as concentration problems and hyperactivity, can be confused with other disorders and medical problems. Just because it looks like ADD/ADHD doesn’t mean it is, so getting a thorough assessment and diagnosis is important.

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Timeline

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  • sharon

    Early 1900s

    First Mentioning

    In 1902, the British pediatrician, Sir George Still was the first one to describe "an abnormal behavior in children". He observed that although some affected children could not control their behavior the way a normal child would, they were still intelligent.

  • 2

    1936

    The Introduction of Benzendrine

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Benzedrine as a medicine in 1936. Dr. Charles Bradley stumbled across some unexpected side effects of this medicine the next year. Young patients’ behavior and performance in school improved when he gave it to them.

    However, Bradley’s contemporaries largely ignored his findings. Doctors and researchers began to recognize the benefit of what Bradley had discovered many years later.

  • 1952

    No Recognition

    The APA issued the first “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM) in 1952. This manual listed all of the recognized mental disorders. It also included known causes, risk factors, and treatments for each condition. Doctors still use an updated version today.
    The APA did not recognize ADHD in the first edition. A second DSM was published in 1968. This edition included hyperkinetic impulse disorder for the first time.

  • 1955

    The Introduction of Ritalin

    The FDA approved the psychostimulant Ritalin (methylphenidate) in 1955. It became more popular as an ADHD treatment as the disease became better understood and diagnoses increased. The medicine is still used to treat ADHD today.

  • 1980

    A Changing Definition

    The APA released a third edition of the DSM (DSM-III) in 1980. They changed the name of the disorder from hyper kinetic impulse disorder to attention deficit disorder (ADD). Scientists believed hyperactivity was not a common symptom of the disorder. This listing created two subtypes of ADD: ADD with hyperactivity, and ADD without hyperactivity.

  • 2

    1987

    Finally, a Name That Fits

    The APA released a revised version of the DSM-III in 1987. They removed the hyperactivity distinction and changed the name to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The APA combined the three symptoms (inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity) into a single type.
    The APA released the fourth edition of the DSM in 2000. The fourth edition established the three subtypes used by healthcare professionals today:
    combined type ADHD predominantly inattentive type ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD

  • 1990s

    A Climb in Diagnoses

    ADHD cases began to climb significantly in the 1990s. There may be a few factors behind the rise in diagnoses: *doctors are able to diagnose ADHD more efficiently *more parents are aware of ADHD and are reporting their children’s symptoms
    More and more medications to treat the disorder became available as the number of ADHD cases rose. The medications also became more effective at treating ADHD. Many have long-acting benefits for patients who need relief from symptoms for longer periods.

  • Present

    Where We Are Today

    Scientists are trying to identify the causes of ADHD as well as possible treatments. Research points to a very strong genetic link. Children who have parents or siblings with the disorder are more likely to have it.
    It’s not currently clear what role environmental factors play in determining who develops ADHD. Researchers are dedicated to finding the underlying cause of the disorder. They’re aiming to make treatments more effective and to help find cures.

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Parents


“Forgive your child and yourself nightly. You didn't ask to live with the effects of ADHD any more than did your child.”
― Martin L. Kutscher, ADHD - Living without Brakes

Today, in the United States of America, there are approximately over 4 million parents/ guardians who have children with disabilities of some sort. Nearly half of these parents are unaware of the type of disability that their child has. Two of the most common disabilities that children face is Attention Deficit Disorder(ADD) & Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD). The distinction between ADD & ADHD is that Attention Deficit Disorder is when a person has an immedicable condition that primarily contains attention difficulty. Whereas, Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder is a condition where one has excessive hyperactivity and impulsiveness, etc. Usually, parents do not notice the symptoms that match the disorder the child has. Children lack attention more than others typically do; their behavior is expressed in a different matter. Often, parents all notice more common symptoms such as impatientness, fidgeting, excessive talking, misunderstood speech, or even numerous interruptions within others conversations. Parents play an immense role in a child’s care, but sometimes are uninformed of symptoms, treatment, medications, and games,etc.

We welcome your feedback as well as ideas and suggestions for other teachers and school personnel. Also, as part of our National Center, we can offer trainings and consultations to parents, family members and other professionals concerning parents with disabilities and their families If you have specific suggestions or activities for other teachers to increase awareness and participation of parents with disabilities at your school, please send them to us so we can post these ideas on our website as well as include this in future publications. Suggestions can be anonymous or can be credited to you and your school depending on your preference.Thank you for reading!

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Our Amazing Team

sharon

Sharon Cachu

"My philosophy in life is: 'Don't regret anything you do, cause in the end it makes you who you are'."
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Feairra Bowen

"Your self-worth is determined by you. You don’t have to depend on someone telling you who you are."
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Skylar Stanford

"Every child is an artist, the problem is staying an artist when you grow up."
- Pablo Picasso

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